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Venous Access
Many patients with chronic diseases require ongoing access for intravenous medications and blood sampling for laboratory tests. Central venous access catheters may be required to remain in place for many months. In these situations, various catheters can be tunneled under the skin and placed through the large veins of the neck or arm into the central venous circulation.Some patients will be candidates for a catheter that is implanted completely under the skin. This catheter, called a Port-a-Cath, enters a large vein in the base of the neck or beneath the clavicle and is connected to a reservoir (Port) that is implanted under the skin in the upper chest through a small incision. When venous access is needed for lab tests or intravenous medications, a small needle is temporarily inserted through the skin into the reservoir. When access is no longer needed, the needle is removed and no catheter components are visible. The procedure is performed on an outpatient basis using intravenous sedation without the associated risks of general anesthesia. After the catheter is placed, it can be used immediately for intravenous therapy.
There are many other types of central venous access catheters. The specific type of catheter chosen depends on many factors particular to the patient, the disease being treated, and the access requirements for therapy.
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